Police Technology Essay - 1162 Words

Police Technology CJA 214 October 9, 2010 Police Technology Police officers use a wide range of technology to protect individuals. Technology also makes it easier to identify the perpetrators of the crime committed. With modern day technology law enforcement can ensure a successful prosecution against those who break the law. Catching criminals is not easy work and if technology is helping law enforcement and the community more efficient and aware of the dangers in the city, town, or world why become upset about the technology officers have. If people would take the time to understand the devices used by officer’s maybe they would not feel so threatened by the officer and their equipment. Most police forces try to obtain the†¦show more content†¦Technology is becoming so advance police officers do not need to be present to give someone a speeding ticket. The automatic number plate recognition started with a bad reputation. People would complain that it was a waste of taxpayer money because the camera took blurry photos. †Å"Of course† over time the plate recognition improved and is good for stopping people from speeding. Law enforcement even has video cameras at stoplights and of course people were complaining. Some people said the government is trying to invade people’s privacy and spy on everyone. If it were not for those cameras the little eight-year-old girl that was taking from in front of her home last week would have probably been murdered. The video of the truck helped a man identify the truck and rescue the little girl. Sometimes a written description just is not enough. When the criminal is caught most of the time, they are going to tell a big fat lie. This is when police officers start to question and interrogate the suspect. The technology they use to determine if the suspect is fibbing is called a polygraph (Foster, 2009). The hit television show The first 48 show both interrogating and polygraph usage. The machine measures blood pressure, pulse, breathing, skin conductivity during questioning, and body temperature (Foster, 2009). The needles Ink the paper and if the suspect lies the polygraph goes crazy. However, it is not 100% trustworthy but with the advanced technology I haveShow MoreRelatedPolice Technology1339 Words   |  6 PagesImagine a police force with no cars, radios, and no communication. These officers had no back up, they patrolled on foot facing any dangerous situation alone. Police were appointed by politicians for limited terms of service. Because of the apparent political ties corruption was very common. This policing era is referred to as the political era. During the political era residents were not able to â€Å"call† upon an officer for assistance. A civilian would have to flag down an officer as he was walkingRead MoreThe Use of Police Technology1043 Words   |  5 Pagesget one step in front of the criminals by finding more advanced technology. This paper will show just some of the new technology that law enforcement has started using in helping capture criminals. It will also show some of the technology that has come out to track the criminals that have been caught in the past. As the criminals come out with new ways to commit crimes law enforcement must keep up with their tactics. Computers in Police Vehicles The days of the officer pulling a vehicle or respondingRead MorePolice Brutality, Technology, And Abortion1172 Words   |  5 Pagesmakes the development horrible such as; , police brutality,technology, and abortion. Police abuse remains one of the most serious human rights violations in the United States. Over the past years, police have acted out in ways that have made people wonder â€Å"are our officers of the law really doing their job?† Unjustified shootings, severe beatings, fatal choking’s, and rough treatment have all contributed to the ever-present problem of police brutality in America. Our society shouldRead MorePolice Enforcement Has Behind The World Of Technology972 Words   |  4 Pagesworld of technology. As time rolled through the political era, professional era, and community-oriented era, police patrols would use the rapidly advancing technology in their favor. Those were desperate times for policemen in a hostile country with unpaved streets and uneven sidewalks, sometimes miles from the police station, with little prospects of assistance in case of need.... It took nerve to be a policeman in those days, this was reported by Chief Francis O Neill of the Chicago Police DepartmentRead MoreTechnology And The Police Technology944 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology and the Police Technology in a sense does not have to involve the creation or use of electronics; however it is the utilization of scientific knowledge for the purpose of practicality. The first instance, involving technology and policing is the fact that is has been present since 1881, where patrols cop evolved into a foot cops. A foot cop is left without immediate access to headquarters. As a result, the development of the two-way radio and the telephone were installed. Another elementRead MoreThe Internet Of Things. Indentification #. Every Single1415 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, what if devices could simply do these things for you? The term â€Å"the Internet of things † refers to devices, or â€Å"things†, which collect and transmit data using the Internet (Morgan). These types of devices have become increasingly popular as technology advances and people desire to personalize their every habit. However, with so much information being constantly uploaded, many controversial questions are brought into play. There are trade-offs to having a â€Å"smart† experience. These smart devicesRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society With Businesses And Schools901 Words   |  4 PagesMost people believe that technologies is the master mind in this world. Without technology humans cannot be able to master things through businesses and schools. Technology is destroying humanity and it has been a major thing in people lives. Humans realized that technology can cause many problems throughout their lives and can lead to be humiliation. Yet, humans using technology has been noticed in articles, movies, play, and books. Technologies has a big impact in today’s society with businessesRead MoreThe World As We Know It Is Ending Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagesman-made technology, but how does this affect the moral fiber connecting us? In technological advancement we, as a society, are presented with incredible ethical dilemmas. We use technology as a means to create the future, as it becomes more accessible, and we fall on ethics to predict and correct its advantages/disadvantages. Does the philosophical idea of morality, then, affect our advancement as a society? Exploring what we know about the technology we have, and imagining the technology we’re beingRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives905 Words   |  4 Pageslive in today is changing fast, due to the introduction and the advance of technology, it has improved modern life in many different ways. When you wake up what’s the first thing you do? You turn off the alarm off or hit snooze button on your phone. What’s next? The T.V., radio, or microwave, just think how many things throughout the day we use that involves using technology. We have based our lives around the use of technology. Yes, it’s good and has made our life’s easier, but it has also caused manyRead MoreBrahms First Symphony, An Angelic Alliance Of Flutes Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagesmirror the melody step-for-step, coloring the piece to a new depth, Brahms’ rich masterpiece would undeservingly sound hollow. My relationship with technology greatly parallels my experience in the band room. In my first two years at Howard University, I lived among flutes in Washington D.C.’s technology scene, attending hackathons and technology meet-ups. Armed with a spoonful of programming knowledge and a wave of enthusiasm, I seized every opportunity to grow through the people I encountered

Career Advancement Planner, The Value Of My Personal...

CAREER ADVANCEMENT PLANNER Page 1 CAREER ADVANCEMENT PLANNER Page 6 Page 7 CAREER ADVANCEMENT PLANNER Career Advancement Planner Michelle Kinyungu December 14, 2015 GM 500: Management Theories and Practices Professor Giddings Career Advancement Planner Introduction The purpose of this document is to highlight the importance of the Career Advancement Planner and how it can help both the human resource department as well as the applicant to be a better fit for the organization. Measures are described by which applicant can improve the personal CAP, in order to integrate with the industry and market his/her skill set for the desired job profile. I intend to learn and identify the significance of having a career advancement planner that will acquire the knowledge that is needed to have soft skills in the 21st century workplace. The value of infusing the human skills (soft skills) and my career planner is required to advance in corporate America. I will address the why and the how benefits of using the career advancement planner, the value of my personal career advancement planner. Analysis In most of the organizations, HR team doesn?t design the job on the basis of the team, thought they interact with different functional departments in order to understand the job requirement and then after starts the hiring andShow MoreRelatedCareer Advancement Planner And How It Can Help Both The Human Resource Department1397 Words   |  6 PagesCareer Advancement Planner 2 Career Advancement Planner Michelle Kinyungu December 14, 2015 GM 500: Management Theories and Practices Professor Giddings Career Advancement Planner Introduction The purpose of this document is to highlight the importance of Career Advancement Planner and how it can help both the human resource department as well as the applicant to be a better fit for the organization. Measures are described by which applicant can improve the personal CAP, in orderRead MorePersonal Development Review and Plan1519 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Development Stage 1 Review and Development Plan Table of Contents Page Introduction My Personal Development Review My Personal Development Plan 3 4-5 6-7 2 Introduction At the Introduction to PD workshop I identified two broad reasons why I decided to pursue my MBA. The first was to develop my competence as a manager. The second and more important reason was to advance my career by making myself more marketable. The job market today is undoubtedly very competitive and I realisedRead MoreThe Foxhole Court, By Writer Nora Sakavic Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesforward. Career orientation or career development process may start from here. Leading a healthy, solvent and transparent economic life a perfect career should be selected. By analyzing political economic factors behind such as values in present market demand, how domestic and international interact with the matter, consistency with developing economy, financial advancement, market orientation one can choose one’s future. Without scrutinizing these sections decisions may take for personal gain orRead MoreMy Interest On Health Policy1229 Words   |  5 PagesMy interest in health policy has emerged from the desire to empower those who have a lesser ability to change their own personal circumstances. Throughout my life, three characteristics have driven my goals and choices: (1) an appetite for travel and broad exploration; (2) an enjoyment of problem solving; and (3) a deep-seated desire for equity and justice. For as long as I can remember, it has been my goal to integrate these three core values into my career, and they have fueled me to become a moreRead MoreWhat I Would Be A Successful Cardiovascular Surgeon1819 Words   |  8 Pagespopular belief, a career is far different from a job. A job is a paid position of employment, while a career is an occupation in which the individual places forth much of their life and seeks opportunities in which to advance. My chosen career is a cardiovascular surgeon, and according to The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, a cardiovascular surgeon is a â€Å"medical doctor who specializes in surgical procedures of the heart, lungs, esophagus, and other organs in the chest.† This career has interested meRead MorePersonal Leadership Assessment and Development Plan4458 Words   |  18 Pages   Personal  Assessment  and  Leadership  Development  Plan   Introduction   The  focus  of  my  personal  assessment  and  leadership  development  plan  is  to  denote  the  values,  beliefs,   thoughts,  and  actions  that  will  propel  me  into  a  state  of  personal  fulfillment  as  a  more  complete  leader  at  home,  in   the  workplace,  and  in  the  community.  Ã‚   The  preparation  of  this  document  will  result  in  the  creation  of  a  deliverable  to  be  frequently  referenced   and  used  as  a  reminder  of  the  overall  direction  and  more  specific  strategies  to  achieve  my  personal  and  Read MoreTransformational Leadership A Personal Reflection2584 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿ Transformational Leadership a Personal Reflection A Transformational Leader is a person who assesses a country, or organization/company, and recognizes the need for a change in the entity and is able to envision what this change should be. The transformational leader not only envisions the necessary change but has the required personality and strength of character that will enable them to influence others to buy into their vision and make it their own, and hence be willing to follow theRead MoreThe Fortress Technology Inc. Essay2284 Words   |  10 PagesFortress Technology Inc. I had my second and third co-op work terms in Fortress Technology Inc. from January 11st to August 26th. Fortress Technology Inc. is a manufacturer of industrial metal detector systems, which also provides custom design, technical support, and inspection service to the customers. Mr. Steve Gidman is the founder and owner of this company and Ms. Kelly Sharpe, North America Marketing Manager, is my supervisor throughout my co-op work term. Throughout my internship, I mostly workedRead MoreHistory of The Ritz-Carlton Essay3894 Words   |  16 Pagescrucial aspect of the hotel market is occupancy (Sucher McManus, 2001). To address the occupancy aspect, The Ritz-Carlton’s managers focused around two groups, the independent travelers and meeting event planners (Sucher McManus, 2001). Independent Traveler and Meeting Event Planners The independent guest was given extra care and attention (Sucher McManus, 2001). The Ritz-Carlton would meet travelers at the airport with drinks, discount coupons presented on silver trays, serenaded withRead MoreRetention of Knowledge Worker Need Better Management5541 Words   |  23 PagesCapital. A knowledge worker helps the company in gaining competitive advantage over the others by developing business intelligence, getting knowledge of customer preferences, buying behavior and their expectations, increasing the value of intellectual capital and other variety of knowledge benefits that aid the business of the organization. Managing knowledge workers is indeed a difficult task as these people are more aware of the latest happenings, have high expectations

Biblical Archaeology Dating Techniques Free Essays

string(219) " as thinning of stands, resin-gathering, fire damage, and other traumas such as severe weather effects, pollution or lightning damage, not to mention shaping of the wood at the time of construction and decay afterward\." As our civilization grows, there is also a growing passion for knowledge of the past. Archaeology is fast becoming one of the popular sciences. Most archeological finds are composed of shreds of pottery or ceramics. We will write a custom essay sample on Biblical Archaeology: Dating Techniques or any similar topic only for you Order Now As archeology and modern science progress many dating techniques are being developed to be used on these fragile artefacts in order to give us a brief glimpse of our past. Many techniques are now available which allow the detailed physical and chemical characterization of ceramic artefacts. Given a suitable archaeological sample it is now possible to determine many aspects of technology, provenance, and, in some cases, its use. Several dating techniques used in archeology are superposition, artifacts of known age, stratigraphy, dendrochronology and thermoluminescence. This paper shall focus on Ceramic Analysis using three of these techniques: Dendrochronology, Radiocarbon dating and Thermoluminescence. Carbon 14 Radiocarbon dating or Carbon-14 dating is the determination of the approximate age of an ancient object, such as an archaeological specimen, by measuring the amount of carbon 14 it contains. Radiocarbon dating was discovered by a team of scientists led by Prof. Willard Libby of the University of Chicago after World War II. Since plants and animals take up carbon-14 during their lifetime. The amount of carbon-14 in them exists in equilibrium with the C14 concentration of the atmosphere and the ratio of C-14 to C-12 remains about the same as the ratio in the atmosphere. As soon as a plant or animal dies, they cease the metabolic function of carbon uptake; there is no replenishment of radioactive carbon, only decay. This rate of decay was calculated by Libby’s team to be 5568 years per half-life, this means that half the C14 in the original sample will have decayed after 5568 years and after another 5568 years, half of that remaining material will have decayed, and so on. This rate of decay is what is now know as Libby’s half-life which he measured at 5568 ±30 years. The true advantage of the radiocarbon method is its capability to be uniformly applied throughout the world , this is probably the primary reason why it is one of the most widely used and best-known absolute dating methods. However, it is not without its flaws, radiocarbon dating has the following limitations: 1. that after 10 half-lives there is a very small amount of radioactive carbon present in a sample, at about 50,000-60,000 years radiocarbon dating becomes inaccurate. 2. the ratio of C-14 to C-12 in the atmosphere is not constant. This variation is due to changes in the intensity of the cosmic radiation bombardment of the Earth, the 1950’s nuclear testing and the depletion of the Ozone layer. 3. in rare cases, a â€Å"reservoir effect† will give C-14 dates that are much older than the true age of the sample because â€Å"some plants and animals live in very unusual environments whose C-14 content is much lower than normal. † 4. Contamination of the sample also limits the accuracy of Radiocarbon dating as when porous samples contain recently living material with a full â€Å"charge† of C-14. Finally, Radiocarbon dating can only be used on living organisms. Dendrochronology Dendrochronology is the science that uses tree rings dated to their exact year of formation to analyze temporal and spatial patterns of processes in the physical and cultural sciences. Its main function in archaeology is to use tree rings to date when timber was felled, transported, processed, or used for construction or wooden artefacts such as a beam or pole of an ancient structure. The principle behind using tree-rings is that â€Å"tree-ring sequences from trees that grow in a seasonal climate, i. e. , with one growth increment per year, with the size of that growth dependent upon some climatic stimulus such as cold in the Polar regions, drought in the Aegean, and various combinations of the two stimuli in regions in between, can be compared so that these increments, more popularly known as â€Å"rings,† can be dated to the calendar year in which they were formed. † Aside from the principle of using tree-rings, the use of Dendrochronology is governed by several other principles, these set of scientific rules must be adhered to in order for the result to be flawless. There is the Uniformitarian Principle which states that â€Å"physical and biological processes that link current environmental processes with current patterns of tree growth must have been in operation in the past,† the Principle of Limiting Factors which states that â€Å"rates of plant processes are constrained by the primary environmental variable that is most limiting,† The Principle of Aggregate Tree Growth which states that â€Å"any individual tree-growth series can be â€Å"decomposed† into an aggregate of environmental factors, both human and natural, that affected the patterns of tree growth over time,† The Principle of Ecological Amplitude stating that a specie of trees â€Å"may grow and reproduce over a certain range of habitats, referred to as its ecological amplitude,† the Principle of Sites Selection which states that â€Å"hat sites useful to dendrochronology can be identified and selected based on criteria that will produce tree- ring series sensitive to the environmental variable being examined,† the Principle of Cross-dating which states that â€Å"matching patterns in ring widths or other ring characteristics (such as ring density patterns) among several tree-ring series allow the identification of the exact year in which each tree ring was formed. † and the Principle of Replication which states â€Å"that the environmental signal being investigated can be maximized, and the amount of â€Å"noise† minimized, by sampling more than one stem radius per tree, and more than one tree per site,† the application of which is not limited to Dendrochronology only. The methodology used in Dendrochronology is cross-dating, or matching patterns of ring-growth from one tree to another and assigning rings to specific years, however, this possible only among trees growing in the same general climatic region. The good thing about dendrochronology on the other hand, is that cross-dating can sometimes be achieved in spite of human interference to ring-growth such as thinning of stands, resin-gathering, fire damage, and other traumas such as severe weather effects, pollution or lightning damage, not to mention shaping of the wood at the time of construction and decay afterward. You read "Biblical Archaeology: Dating Techniques" in category "Papers" Furthermore, visual and statistical techniques are employed to guarantee the accuracy of the matches and in addition to simple ring-width analysis, X-ray densitometric methods are used to reconstruct past environmental conditions. It is also possible that wood or charcoal samples taken from standing buildings or excavated from archaeological sites be crossdated with each other and with wood from living trees to extend the tree-ring chronology beyond the date of the oldest ring of the oldest living tree in the region. Scientists believe that the best advantage of dendrochronology is that it is the only archaeometric technique where determination of absolute dates accurate to the year is either theoretically or practically possible, but, just like any other method of dating artefacts, it suffers from several limitations. The following limits the use or accuracy of Dendrochronology: 1. in some areas of the world, particularly in the tropics, the species available do not have sufficiently distinct seasonal patterns that can be used 2. in cases where the right species are available, the wood must be well enough preserved that the rings are readable to the point that there must be at least 30 intact rings on any one sample. 3. in order to produce an accurate result, it is necessary to have samples of timber that retained their bark, so that it is clear which ring was the outermost when it was felled. 4. it can only be used if there is an existing master strip for that area and species; if the only master chronology available for the region is oak, cross-matching with timbers of these other species cannot be relied on. 5. use of this technique is also limited on how far back in the past things can be dated with tree rings although bristle cone pine trees can live to 9,000 years, this is a very rare phenomenon. 6. â€Å"sapwood is highly susceptible to decay particularly by beetle larvae and as a â€Å"result all sapwood may have been removed from the accessible surfaces of timbers during building repairs and conservation work, making it impossible to determine when the timber was felled. † 7. it may give inaccurate results on the actual date of the structure if it so happens that the date the timber was felled is not necessarily the date that the building was constructed or that the timber used was imported from another area. 8. in some places, prehistoric people may have built their structures using timber however, in most of the world that did not begin to happen until about 4,000 to 5,000 years ago. Thermoluminiscence Thermoluminescence dating is the determination by means of measuring the accumulated radiation dose of the time elapsed since the material containing crystalline minerals was either heated or exposed to sunlight. The application ranges from â€Å"Lower Paleolithic to Neolithic archaeological sites, with a major focus on the Middle Paleolithic, which is often beyond the range of the radiocarbon method. † The principle behind this unique dating technique is based on the â€Å"storage of information about the absorbed radiation in inorganic crystals. † It is based on structural damage and faults to the crystal lattice of minerals by ionizing radiation. The sources for this omnipresent radiation are radioactive nuclides from the surrounding sediment and from the sample itself, as well as secondary cosmic rays. Thus a radiation dose accumulates in the crystal in the form of electrons in excited states, of which some are metastable and thus resident over periods of time long enough to allow a dating application. During the first heating of the artefact, if the temperature is high enough (400 ° C), the drainage is sufficient to relax all electrons relevant to the luminescence method used; that is, the clock is set to zero and through the years it starts to accumulate natural radiation, upon its second heating it releases all this stored radiation in terms of thermoluminescent light. The released light is then correlated to the absorbed radiation which is then correlated to the archeological age. In practice, knowledge of the composition of the artefact is of importance since the nature or chemical composition of it, as explained above, determines the amount of natural radioisotopes present in it. These natural radioisotopes are responsible for the greater part of the radiation that is absorbed. If the composition of the artefact is known, then the archeological age of the artefact can be computed by using the â€Å"total amount of absorbed radiation divided by the absorbed dose through internal and external radiation per year. † The greatest advantage of Thermoluminescence dating over other methods is not only the direct association of the event with past human activity on a linear time scale, but also its smaller vulnerability to unknown variation of certain parameters. However, Thermoluminescence dating is still prone to errors and inaccuracies. The evaluation and publishing of results must be done with due care and must meet with certain standards which includes the presentation of glow curves, heating- and DE-plateaus, growth curve(s) and the determination of the alpha sensitivity of each sample. Also, equal care has to be taken in the evaluation of parameters prone to variation with time. Conclusion Each of the three dating techniques discussed has its own peculiar way of finding the archaeological era that a sample was created or may have died: Radiocarbon depends on decay, Dendrochronology depends upon growth and thermoluminescence depends upon absorption. The three techniques however different they may be are still connected by a linear timeline, when the accuracy of one technique ends, another begins. Dendrochronology can only be used as long as there are master strips which may reach only up to a maximum of 9,000 years old, results obtained through Radiocarbon, on the other hand, can only be accurate up to 50,000-60,000 years old while Thermoluminescence dating ranges from 10,000 to 230,000 years old. The three dating techniques discussed have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the end, the scientist is the one who weighs all the pro’s and the con’s of any technique and he is given the discretion on what technique to use which he thinks is more appropriate and shall give out more accurate findings. BIBLIOGRAPHY Berger, Thomas. Thermoluminescence Dating: A Brief Overview. http://www. ati. ac. at/~vanaweb/papers/archview. pdf Fagan, Brian M. and George H. Michaels. Dating Techniques in Archaeology. http://www. mc. maricopa. edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/archy/dating/datingtech. html#Dendrochronology Freestone, Ian. Ceramic Analysis. http://ads. ahds. ac. uk/catalogue/adsdata/cbaoccpap/pdf/117/11710001. pdf Grissino-Mayer, Henri D. Principles of Dendrochronology. http://web. utk. edu/~grissino/principles. htm Higham, Thomas. The Method. http://www. c14dating. com/int. html Hirst, Kris K. Radiocarbon Dating Method. http://archaeology. about. com/od/rterms/g/radiocarbon. htm Kuniholm, Peter Ian. Dendrochronology. http://www. arts. cornell. edu/dendro/ajatext. html Richter, Daniel. Advantages and Limitations of Thermoluminescence of Heated Flint from Paleolithic Sites. http://www. eva. mpg. de/evolution/staff/richter/pdf/07-RichterGeoarchaeology. pdf Robinson, B. A. How does Carbon-14 Dating (C-14) Work? Is it Accurate and Reliable?. http://www. religioustolerance. org/c14dats. htm Taylor, Jonathan. Dendrochronology in Dating Timber Framed Building and Structures. http://www. buildingconservation. com/articles/dendrochron/dendro. htm How to cite Biblical Archaeology: Dating Techniques, Papers

Communications Law Scenario

Question: Describe about the Scenario for Communications Law. Answer: Scenario 1 Step One: The legal issue involved is that a police officer found a small plant in Floras Home which he thought was marijuana and arrested Flora. Flora wanted to appeal that the search of her was home was unwarranted (Burns, 2009). Step Two:The first issue identified in this scenario is the fact that Flora Findley may have planted marijuana as the police inspector thought it was marijuana. But the arrest should not have been done as the police officer was not sure of the fact whether the plant is marijuana or not. Step Three:Secondly, one does not have the right to search a house without a proper search warrant. This is an illegal act done by the police officer (Lawschool.westlaw.com, 2016). Flora can take legal action against the police officer as per the Australian law (Harvey, 2009). Scenario 2 Step One: The only issue in this scenario is that of the accused, Mr. Frank Incense who needed a criminal lawyer to fight his case but had to take the help of a lawyer who specializes in Bankruptcy. Step Two: Mr. Incense wanted to appeal his case as he was not given the suitable lawyer as per the case demanded (Mann, 2009). Step Three:Since the situation under consideration is a criminal case where Mr. Incense has been accused of stealing $500,000 worth of tools which he got from a neighbors shed. A proper and competent criminal lawyer could have appropriately fought for him (Lawschool.westlaw.com, 2016). Giving this responsibility to a bankruptcy lawyer decreases the chance of Mr. Incense to win the case. Scenario 3 Step One: In the given case study, Fred Hamper and Joe Valle married to each other when the same sex union became legal. But when Joe applied for the health insurance for his spouse and himself then the insurance company refuse accept the marriage (Lawschool.westlaw.com, 2016). Step Two: Fred and Joe sued and the court found in favor of the big time insurance company. In this case, Fred and Joe can appeal against the Insurance Company. Step Three: The Fred and Joe can take legal action against the insurance company as the Australian law (Harvey, 2009). Scenario 4 Step One: Shirley Baker was suffering from breast cancer for which she was prescribed to have marijuana while she was staying in California. But in order to live with her family she moved to Oklahoma (Lawschool.westlaw.com, 2016). Step Two: The medical usage of marijuana is permitted in California but not in other states (Harvey, 2009). But medical marijuana is now legal in Oklahoma and therefore Shirley Baker can easily appeal her conviction. Step three: Shirley Baker cannot take legal action as because she arrested while smoking marijuana. Scenario 5 Step One: Joanna wanted to die peacefully instead of living with the support of machines. Her parents supported her choice and asked the doctors to take off the support but her husband refused to allow the hospital to do that (Lawschool.westlaw.com, 2016). Step Two: Most of the states are not in favor of euthanasia or assisted death. This is the reason why the court had decided in favor of the husband. Step three: the parents would not have much chance if they wanted to appeal the decision (Mann, 2009). References Burns, Y. (2009).Communications law. Durban: Butterworths. Harvey, C. (2009).Cornerstones of Australian law. Prahran, Vic.: Tilde University Press. Lawschool.westlaw.com. (2016).lawschool.westlaw.com - The most comprehensive Web site for law school students and faculty. [online] Available at: https://lawschool.westlaw.com/marketing/display/RE/45 [Accessed 25 Mar. 2016]. Mann, T. (2009).Australian law dictionary. South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press.

Best Books for Kids and Adults Interested in Greek Mythology

Best Books for Kids and Adults Interested in Greek Mythology Which are the best sources for readers interested in the Greek myths and the history behind them? Here are suggestions for people of varying ages and levels of knowledge. Greek Myths for Young People For young people, a wonderful resource is the lovely, illustrated Daulaires Book of Greek Myths. There are also online, out of copyright, and therefore somewhat old-fashioned versions of the Greek myths written for young people, including Nathaniel Hawthornes popular Tanglewood Tales, Padraic Colums story of the Golden Fleece, which is one of the central episodes in Greek mythology, and Charles Kingsleys The Heroes, or Greek Fairy Tales for My Children. Anthologies of Greek myths that are appropriate for children include Tales of the Greek Heroes: Retold From the Ancient Authors, by Roger Lancelyn Green.  Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad, by Rosemary Sutcliff, is a good introduction to Homer and the tale of Troy that is so central to any study of ancient Greece. Reading for Adults With Limited Knowledge of Greek Myths For somewhat older people who are curious about the stories and real-life history related to Greek myths, a good choice is Thomas Bulfinchs The Age of Fable or Stories of Gods and Heroes coupled with Ovids Metamorphoses. Bulfinch is widely available, including online, and the stories entertain as well as explain, with the caveat that he prefers Roman names like Jupiter and Proserpine to Zeus and Persephone; his approach is all explained in the introduction. Ovids work is a classic that ties together so many stories as to be somewhat overwhelming, which is why it is best read in combination with Bulfinch, who, incidentally, developed many of his stories by translating Ovid. To be truly familiar with Greek mythology, you really should know a good portion of the allusions Ovid makes. For Adults With More Advanced Knowledge For those already familiar with Bulfinch, the next book to pick up is Timothy Gantz Early Greek Myths, although this is a 2-volume reference work, rather than a book to read. If you havent already read The Iliad, The Odyssey, and Hesiods Theogony, those are essentials for Greek mythology. The works of the Greek tragedians, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, are also basics; Euripides may be the easiest to digest for modern American readers.

michaelagelo essays

michaelagelo essays Michelangelo Di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni is known as the greatest sculptor of the sixteenth century. He was known in the same magnitude as Donatello in the fifteenth century and Bernini in the seventh century. Michelangelo was not only a renowned Italian Renaissance sculpture and painter, but also an architect and poet. He exerted an paralleled influence on the development of Western art(Encyclopedia Britannica, 1994). The Artist that is known around the world simply as, Michelangelo resisted a paintbrush. He often claimed that his only tool would be the chisel. Born at Caprise, in Tuscany on March 6, 1475, he was the second of five boys. Even though he was born in Tuscany, he considered himself from Florence. This loyalty to Florence would later help shape his life. He was sensitive about being considered an artist, and treated as if he ran a shop. Michelangelo would later profess that his family paid taxes and held government posts in Florence for three hundred years. This would place him among the citys upper echelon. With this would come wealth, land, and social status, and this disconnected Michelangelo from the fellow artists. Michelangelos mother became very sick and could not take care of the future painter of the Sistine Chapel, so he was placed with a nurse, in a family of stone cutters. This is where Michelangelo was first exposed to stone working. This would help explain how he developed his own personal style at the tender age of sixteen. Michelangelo first showed this personal style in two relief sculptures, The Battle of the Centaurs, and The Madonna of the Stairs (Both 1489-92, Casa Buonarroti, Florence). Along with these two sculptures, Michelangelos early style is shown in the marble David. Michelangelo worked on this gigantic (4.34 m/ 14.24 ft) stature between 1501 and 1504. He chose to represent David as an athlet ...

What role does diversity play in nonprofit management Research Paper

What role does diversity play in nonprofit management - Research Paper Example A simple meaning of this term as defined by Jeffries & Amsden (2012) is that a group of people belonging from different ethnic, cultural, religious and social backgrounds to come a common platform and work collectively for achieving a common objective. Several researches have highlighted that the growing impact of globalization in all government, private and non-profit sectors have necessitated the need of incorporating the practice of diversity in the organization and work setup (Jeffries & Amsden, 2012). It is because an organization will be able to develop and maintain better external communication with diverse people and enterprises if it is diverse from the inside also. This is how a healthy and pluralistic working environment is established, both internal and external to the organization. Nielsen & Huang (2009) underline the fact that diversity is not a method for accomplishment but an accomplishment in itself; where people of high aptitude think and construct together without any racial barriers or differences. The concept of diversity is more advocated by the non-profit organizations than other private and governmental bodies due to their nature of work, which is intended to help and flourish every individual without considering their racial attributes (Nielsen & Huang, 2009). Williams (2012) explains that objectives of non-profit organizations can be limited in its accomplishment if the top level managers and executives are all white colours. It is essential of CEOs and owners of such enterprises to understand the power and need of implementing diversity, from the very roots to the top of the organization in order to justify their intent and mission (Williams, 2012). The absence of diversity in an organization can limit it to achieve optimum performance from its employees and inculcate new dimension for crisis management (Philanthropy, 2007). This paper is aim to discus the role of diversity in non-profits management, and how it can be taken as a tool for ensuring prosperity of the organization. The paper will present a theoretical aspect of diversity and its implementation models to illustrate the proper methodology of adopting it within the non-profit organizations. Impact of Diversity: A Theoretical View There have a number of theories dealing with the concept of theory in different dimensions. The Agency theory given by Miller (2002) defines that there always a difference between how organization objectives are perceived by managers and employees. This difference can lead to misunderstanding between the two bodies; the leader or manager and the follower or employees. Miller (2002) further explains that if all top level managers and decision makers are white, then the difference in perception can be further augmented. Hence, in non-profit organizations focus will put on only those needy people who are of the same racial background as those on the power seats (Miller, 2002). The System Theory of Luhman links the concept of dive rsity with the communication within the organization. He explains that the effectiveness of any organization is greatly influence by the communication setup of the organization. If the internal communication is weak, then there are greater chances of employees and staff of developing a negative image of the organization (Luhmann & Gilgen, 2013). In a world where everyone is highly exposed to media, people have adopted the habit of comparing their organization with what is being shown on media and there is a higher probability of developing a negative image of their organization. When people see favouritism and racial bifurcation on the media, they

Sports Psychology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sports Psychology - Research Paper Example ychology to these basics will dramatically improve the three key ingredients to a successful athletic program : fun, participation and development .† (Sports Psychology Basics PP2) He calls sports psychology â€Å"the glue that holds the three ingredients (mentioned above) together.† The first step in the psychological preparation for a sports person is to decide his commitment to the particular category of sports. Some people will engage in sports just for fun. Hence beyond the fun element the degree of commitment has to be decided first. One’s own skill in that particular sport or in the position in which one wants to play in a team is to be assessed next. Only after doing these can one set a goal to achieve. This goal is to be set up in the general backdrop of the goal of one’s life thus to prioritize the goals. Though goal setting is the most important first step many sports persons are found to be lousy in their attitudes towards goal setting. Mark Anderson in his book â€Å"Doing Sport Psychology† brings out this attitude thus: â€Å"I anticipate getting virtually all players to complete this first stage of goal setting quickly and efficiently. But players offer various explanations for not completing the goal sheets. The poor response rate is frustrating†¦..I view non compliance as a form of resistance.† (PP 94) The goal should be set in a measurable manner with dates, times and amounts all fixed precisely. Only a measurement of the achievement can give psychological satisfaction. The performance should be the criteria of the measurement and not the outcome of the performance, that’s winning or failing, which could be due to lots of external factors like bad judgment or bad weather conditions. One must be able to ignore all the rewards and fame that would come along with winning and concentrate on one’s performance and its measurements. For this one has to set specific goals and not unrealistically high or conveniently low ones. Correct goal

Impact of Industrialization on the National Business Systems and the Essay

Impact of Industrialization on the National Business Systems and the National Competitiveness - Essay Example To understand the questions completely, each of the fundamental terminologies which are to have an impact on the final question needs to be addressed and needs to be linked to the main question in pursuit. INDUSTRIALIZATION: The early phase of industrialization was from 1750 to the 1800s.Although, it can be debated over the exact timings of the industrialization in the different parts of the world, but it was the above mentioned period during which industrialization emerged in its totality. Europe in general and Britain in particular was the main element in crafting the early period of industrialization (Henderson, 1954). Until then, work was majorly done using manual labor and the amount of production, as a result, was squat. But it was end of the 18th century which actually saw the revolution in production processes and changed the dynamics of production and industry concepts. Enhanced use of machine-driven principles, including steam power, to develop in Great Britain produced an identifiable change in economic structure and growth (Spielvogel, 2011). The period saw the emergence of factory system where workers were grouped together and capital structures changed from the earlier used methods to cost effective technology driven methods. Cotton and iron were the key dynamics in this course (Thomas, 1964). Cotton was earlier processed through manual labor which tool time and effort but did not produce in mass volume. The production capacity was low and thus, the efficiency was significantly less. But now machines were developed which were, at first, powered by water and later on, with thw advancement in the system, by steam, and which now increased the production immensely. The number of people employed naturally increased. Moreover, the new process caused the cost of the final products to sharply decrease making them competitive. It was vital for Britain to acquire the new technology. It helped Britain to cement its dominance on the worlds economical and the resulting political sphere (Henderson, 1954). It took little time for industrialization to travel from Britain to the rest of the western world. It can be said that industrialization did not take more than fifty years to travel from Britain to the rest of the western world including America. But it has taken time to encompass the eastern boundaries. This statement is essential to understand because it has been one of the fundamental differences between the eastern and the western world.The eastern world could not be the recipient of the process of industrialization because its majority was under the colony system of one or more of the European countries. United States of America became a grateful receiver of the new dynamics in the production processes. The concept of corporations emerged whereby the people were given the new concept of working in huge setups and in a pronounced number of people.Because of the complexity of the new organization setup, several theories and ways of ef ficiently working in corporations were also developed. The early phase saw the owners of the corporations to receive the greatest benefit out of the sales and the workers in these firms to suffer the low wage rates and pitiable working conditions (Wilensky, 1965). It was natural for this phenomenon to take toll. This is because it was the part of the evolution through which the countries had to go in order to accept the new paradigm of industrializat

Rare Earth Doped Upconverting Nanoparticles

Rare Earth Doped Upconverting Nanoparticles Rare Earth Doped Upconverting Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Application in Bio-Imaging Nidhi Malviya1, Vinita Rajput Chouhan1, Sudeshna Ray2 ABSTRACT Upconversion luminescence, a nonlinear process, which re-emits a photon at a shorter wavelength by the absorption of more than one photon, successively at longer wavelengths via long-lived intermediate energy states, is useful for important applications in various fields like fluorescence bio-imaging and lasers. This NIR-to-NIR up-conversion process provides deeper light penetration into biologicalspecimen and results in high contrast optical imaging due to absence of an auto fluorescence background and decreased light scattering. Excitation at long wavelengths also minimizes damage to biological materials. Herein, we report the different mechanisms responsible for the Upconversion process of rare-earth (Er3+, Ho3+, Tm3+) doped nanoparticle and methods that are used to synthesize and decorate up converting nanoparticle. I INTRODUCTION Upconversion is an optical process that involves the conversion of lower-energy photons into higher-energy photons. It has been extensively studied since mid-1960s and widely applied in optical devices. Over the past decade, high-quality rare earth-doped Upconversion Nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized with the rapid development of nanotechnology and are becoming more prominent in biological sciences. The main difference between Upconversion Nanoparticles and other nonmaterial’s is that they can emit visible light under near infrared irradiation. Upconversion nanoparticle (UCNPs), particularly lanthanide-doped nanocrystals, which emit high energy photons under excitation by the near-infrared (NIR) light, have found potential applications in many fields, including biomedicine and is found improved tissue penetration and higher photochemical stability as compared with traditional down-conversion fluorescence imaging. The unique Upconversion process of UCNPs may be u tilized to activate photosensitive therapeutic agents for applications in cancer treatment. Upconversion luminescence imaging in vivo is expected to be the next generation photoluminescence imaging technique since it provides high sensitivity and spatial resolution. Due to their multicolour emission, high brightness and long lifetime, lanthanide ions based luminescent nonmaterial have tremendous promise as indicators and photon sources for numerous application such as boilable, light-emitting devices, sensor technology, and low-threshold lasers. So it is very important to successfully prepare the rare-earth doped inorganic nanocrystals with good dispensability in organic solvents. The Up conversion phenomenon has been transition metals, actinides, but mainly in the rare earth elements, which contain the lanthanide (Ln) series, Yttrium, and scandium. Ln3+ ions heave special 4fn 5d0-1inner shell configurations that are well – shielded by outer shell and have unique energy level structures. These Ln3+ ions can exhibit sharp luminescence emission via intra-4f or 4f-5d transitions. Their luminescence properties, as narrow bandwidth, long-time emission, and anti-stokes emission, have been widely applied in lasers, solar cell, analytical sensors, optical imaging, and photodynamic therapy. Most fluorescent materials, including dye molecules, quantum dots, and dye-doped silica/gold nanomaterials, emit light by the down conversion process (emitting lower-energy photons under higher-energy irradiation). Although the uses of a conventional organic dye molecule or quantum dot (QD) based biomarker have achieved significant progress in real-time detection and bio imaging, they still have drawbacks. These fluorescent materials are generally excited by ultraviolet (UV) or visible light, which may induce auto fluorescence and photo damage to biological samples, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratio and limited sensitivity. These limitations prompted the development of a new type of high-quality and well-shaped nonmaterial’s known as up conversion nonmaterial’s (UCNs [1-7]. Lanthanide-doped Upconversion (UC) nanophosphors are promising optical contrast agents for biomedical applications due to their photo stability, sharp emission peaks, and long emission lifetime [8, 9]. Upon near infrared (NIR) excitation, UC nanoparticle exhibit intense visible emission via multiphoton processes involving the lanthanide ions within them [10-12]. For in vitro or in vivo imaging, the use of NIR excitation minimizes absorbance, scattering, and fluorescence from cells and tissues, allowing imaging against a dark background [13]. In contrast, commercially available labels, such as organic dyes and quantum dots, typically must be imaged against a background of Stokes-shifted tissue autofluorescence induced by UV, blue, or green excitation[14]. In addition, because of the existence of real intermediate energy levels in lanthanide ions, this Upconversion process can be much more efficient than in conventional multiphoton-absorption-induced fluorescence of organic dyes or qua ntum dots, where the intermediate levels are virtual. Bio-imaging is a term that covers the complex chain of acquiring, processing and visualizing structural or functional images of living objects or systems, including extraction and processing of image-related information. II MOTIVATION OF MY WORK Lanthanide-doped upconversion-luminescent nanoparticles (UCNPs), which can be excited by near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation to emit multiplex light, have been proven to be very useful for in vitro and in vivo molecular imaging studies. In comparison with the conventionally used down-conversion fluorescence imaging strategies, the NIR light excited luminescence of UCNPs displays high photostability, low cytotoxicity, little background auto-fluorescence, which allows for deep tissue penetration, making them attractive as contrast agents for biomedical imaging applications. In this review, we will mainly focus on the latest development of a new type of lanthanide-doped UCNP material and its main applications for in vitro and in vivo molecular imaging and we will also discuss the challenges and future perspectives. New materials with high Biocompatibility and more intense emission spectra are needed to be developed so for deep tissue imaging. III CONCLUSION The past decade a large number of scientists have investigated the potential application of UCNPs in bioimaging. Lim et al. firstly reported the use of UCNPs as in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans imaging agent. Along with the fast developement of UCNPs for biological applications. UCNPs have also been applied contrasts agents in positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computer tomography (CT) for in vitro and in vivo multimodal imaging. Futhermore, UCNPs could also be combined with anti-cancer drugs, photosensitizers or gold nanostructures for potential therapeutic application. Up to now, a variety of Upconversion nanophosphors have been developed for bioimaging, and most of them are based on rare earth doped NaYF4. Other kinds of RE doped nanoparticles, such as NaGdF4, NaLaF4, Y2O3, GdF3, CeO2, LiNaF4, Ca3(PO4)2, ZrO2 and GdOF etc. have al so been considered as excellent UCNPs in recent years due to their strong Upconversion luminescence intensity an d good photostability. REFERENCES F. Auzel, Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 139; F. Wang, X Liu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 976; D. K. Chatterjee, M. K. Gnanasammandhan, Y. Zhang, Small 2010, 6, 278 M. Haase, H. Schafer, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 5808. D. K. Chatterjee, A. J. Rufaihah, Y. Zhang, Biomaterials 2008, 29, 937 J. Zhou, Y. Sun, X. Du, L. Xiong, H. Hu, F. Li, Biomaterials 2010, 31, 3287; L. Xiong, T. Yang, Y. Yang, C. Xu, F. Li, Biomate ­rials 2010, 31, 7078. Wu SW, Han G, Milliron DJ, Aloni 8 S, Altoe V, Talapin DV, et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2009; 106: 10917-21. doi:DOI 10.1073/pnas.0904792106. Mai H-X, Zhang Y-W, Si R, Yan Z-G, Sun L-d, You L-P, et al. J Am Chem Soc. 2006; 128: 6426. doi:10.1021/ja060212h. Boyer J-C, Cuccia LA, Capobianco JA. Nano Letters. 2007; 7: 847-52. doi:10.1021/nl070235 Heer S, Kà ¶mpe K, Gà ¼del HU, Haase M..Advanced Materials. 2004; 16: 2102-5. doi:10.1002/adma.200400772. Chen GY, Ohulchanskyy TY, Kumar R, Agren H, Prasad PN. ACS Nano. 2010; 4: 3163-8. doi:Doi 10.1021/Nn100457j. Nyk M, Kumar R, Ohulchanskyy TY, Bergey EJ, Prasad PN. Nano Letters. 2008; 8: 3834-8. doi:10.1021/nl802223f. Wang M, Mi CC, Wang WX, Liu CH, Wu YF, Xu ZR, et al.. ACS Nano. 2009; 3: 1580-6. doi:Doi 10.1021/Nn900491j.

The Human Voice Essay -- essays research papers

Our voice is our primary mean of communication, and most of us can’t go for more than a couple of minutes without using it. We don’t use your voice for just talking though, our voice can be used to do a variation of things. The most obvious example would be singing. So it is obvious the human voice is a means of communication, but it is also a source of pleasure for us. The human voice is not limited to just a couple sounds, no, the human voice can make a complex range of sounds but none of this could be possible if it weren’t for the complex system you possess in your throat. First I’ll start off by talking about the physical components and how they contribute to the production of your voice. There are only about 6 main parts to your voice. They are as follows, muscle/mucous, air, tongue, teeth, palate, and lips. The tongue, teeth, palate, and lips are more formally known as the articulators, because it is with these parts that we form words and sentences. The muscle and mucous make up your vocal cords (vocal folds). Your vocal cords are tiny paired muscles that ...